Archives de Tag: Natalia Bobrova

Spartacus in Varna : There And Back Again

Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet

I must admit that I have had a particular inability to take anything “Roman gladiator” seriously ever since that Saturday morning when Bugs Bunny encountered a Martian decked out in full Spartan gear, replete with scrub-brush-topped helmet, on my parents’ old TV. That goes for films as well as for ballet.  So, what was I thinking as the Varna State Opera Ballet company’s Spartacus was about to begin? Uh oh.

But the desire to giggle quickly faded as I got swept up in an unusually lively and absorbing piece of total theater. On the night of July 17th in Bulgaria, Sergey Bobrov’s intelligent and subtle rethinking of an old, and odd, ballet finally convinced me that Spartacus may not be such a bad subject for a ballet after all.

While this choreographer’s training is rooted in Soviet-era hyper-athleticism and the explosive Moiseyev school of folk-dance, he gives them new verve and focus. His intelligent mélange — to which he has added a verismo approach to stage fighting, an incredibly complex vision of partnering, as well as a refreshing rejection of the old-fashioned hero/villain paradigm – serves to create a tightly narrated and endlessly inventive ballet that sweeps us along through two swift acts. The minutes of music cut from Khachaturian’s original 1954 score? I didn’t miss them at all.

This is the first time I’ve ever sat through a Spartacus with neither a sigh nor a yawn.

Bobrov is abetted in his endeavor by a vigorous company of polished dancers who share such a coherent style that you cannot tell which ones were trained in Europe or South America rather than Russia. My admiration for them only increased when, during an unexpectedly long intermission, the audience learned that during the entire first act the stage floor had been slick with condensed water due to a freak climate event. I mean, as wet as in “I just dumped three buckets on the floor.” (This would continue to be the case during Act Two, despite the heroic efforts of the cleaning crew). These kids were risking their necks, but no one out in the audience saw anything other than a committed and absorbing performance. The choreography, the narration, was that strong.

Historical Context:

The saga of the Third Servile War that ended in a bloodbath in 71 BCE, as later recounted by Plutarch and Appian, is fairly straightforward. Spartacus, a proud Thracian reduced to the status of slave-gladiator, instigates a small revolt which ultimately swells into an improvised army of around 70,000 angry men. The Romans are gob-smacked. It is noted he has a wife. His nemesis is praetor Marcus Licinius Crassus, an ambitious and brutal general, future consul of Rome. These two men have good reasons for wanting to kill each other. Although he outsmarts and outfights the Romans numerous times, to the point of almost taking out Crassus himself, in the end Spartacus was certainly killed. His body was never found; we only know that 6,000 of his followers – which included anyone from household slaves to fellow gladiators to shepherds who had just had enough – ended up crucified and left to rot all the way down the Via Appia.

History of Ballet Context:

Aram Khachaturian had composed a quite catchy Lenin-Prize winning ballet score in 1954. The subject was a clever choice, given that Spartacus had been one of Marx’s great heroes in the history of class struggles. It would be first choreographed by Leonid Jacobson for the Bolshoi in 1956. But Jacobson’s Fokine-correct abandonment of pointe shoes in the service of realism was not appreciated. Then Igor Moiseyev tried his hand at one in 1958.  Ten years later Yuri Grigorovich and the Hungarian László Seregi simultaneously produced their own still-performed readings, both of which I have seen on stage.

When I first saw the Grigorovich version of Spartacus as a teenager during a Bolshoi tour to New York, I was perfectly aware that this tale of a doomed slave uprising in Ancient Rome was a piece of Agitprop, created by a man of his time and place. But I was willing to give it try.   

The many things I remember I disliked about his ballet were confirmed during a Bolshoi tour to Paris in 2008: its Manichaeism; its reductive politics (it should not take three hours to illustrate the existence of slave/master and proletariat/bourgeois).  Its extreme gendering also really got up the nose of this feminist: there was a muchness of manly men, and then there were “ze vimin,” also either good [wailing females in chiffon waving their arms about] or just bad [scheming hetaerae stabbing their pointe shoes into the floor].  Overly aestheticized and stylized stage battles and the etcetera of what has long come to be known as “Soviet Style Acrobatics” left me cold. It was loooong .

Seregi’s version for the Budapest Ballet seemed mildly less didactic, softer, with more focus on private drama. What I vaguely remember (it’s been a few decades) is that the subtext was an easy read: “the Russians now do unto Czechs and Hungarians as the Romans once did to their colonial subjects”.

Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet

Good Guys/Bad Guys

One of my problems with the Grigorovich had been the paucity of vocabulary, and even how absolutely every turn or combination got done to the right. 

Spartacus?  A lot of head-clutching and splayed-finger angst, plus superfast chainés or rabid pirouettes to signal torment. A steady dose of grands jetés: regular, scissored, en tournant.  Another problem was that Crassus the Roman General’s vocabulary didn’t differ all that much from Spartacus’s, down to the fist-clenching, the pop-out jumps, and those explosive folk-dance leaps where arms, legs and torso all arch backwards.

In Bobrov’s new Spartacus – despite the use of a full dose of classic acrobatics and heroic bouncing around — the immense inventiveness he brings to combinations means that the choreography – even when those vehement pirouettes take off — never got predictable, boring, stale. Every character had their own vocabulary. Not once did I feel a dance was being done simply because thirty-six bars of music needed to be filled.

That new thrills that can happen onstage is rare, and I praise Bobrov’s pursuit of innovation. He keeps reimagining the classic flying configurations that we in the West have oohed and aahed about ever since our first look at “Spring Waters”. But he builds upon the potential of last-second catches and holds to the point that you no longer remember which way is up or down. The variety proved energizing. My notebook ended up full of question marks. What could these things possibly be called? Chair lifts? Lap lifts? Scoop lifts? Tumble lifts? Even when Spartacus ends up only dancing with a veil (attached to…I’m not telling), the fabric responds to him and seems to be dancing itself.

Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet

 The intently focused Danylo Motkov brought fascinatingly elegant stretch and bounce to his Spartacus along with a most welcome manly softness. He humanized this superhero from the moment he ripped off his gladiator’s mask. His Spartacus never veers off into the melodramatic even when repeatedly whipping off superfast pirouettes of grief or rage (yes that one, again) or when he launches into those arched leaps with knees bent back (or forward, or in between). Motkov is also a most skilled and considerate partner. Despite the use of spectacular, sometimes impossible-looking, lifts that get pushed skywards and sideways, Spartacus’s duets with his mate, here called Achillea [Phyrgia in other versions], each have a different kind of lyricism because they are anchored in an evolving narrative.

And here Crassus concentrates more on his lovers. This really helps push the narrative along and pulls this ballet back from the manosphere. His contemptuous hatred of Spartacus will explode to a whole other level after the gory demise of one of his lovers. He’s an antagonist, not a caricature of motiveless malevolence. Crisp and complex in the role of Crassus, Vladimir Mozgovoj is a peacock in public who lets his guard down in private. I should mention that all of Mozgovoj’s manèges with double tours en tournant positively sizzled.

You wanna fight?

Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet

Whereas in the Grigorovich version, the group movements consisted of soldiers (or rebels) prancing side by side in formation, here the cohorts got de-aestheticized, and engaged with each other in what looked like actual combat. Despite the small size of the open-air stage in Varna, entrances and exits were planned to full effect. Dancers keep pouring in and out from three and more directions. Here the soldiers and gladiators really broke loose.

You could hear clanging of metal against metal throughout this ballet. The angle of swords ferociously planted “into” an opponent are so precisely calibrated that the action felt surprisingly real. The falls of the fallen were superbly untheatrical, heavy.

Bobrov succeeds at making that abstraction, “the people,” zing by specifically allotting certain steps to only one group or personage. For example, we know shepherds had joined Spartacus’s rebellion, but Grigorovich kind of blended them into generic crowd formations. Here the Shepherds hoist their crooks, root them around earthily during folkloric roundabouts, do awkward squats, and even inch out backwards from the wings in a stunningly inventive – as well as hilarious – bent over forwards conga line that any other choreographer who sees it will definitely want to steal.

The battles are not only full of surprises but always end with flair. Bobrov turns out to be a master of the tableau vivant that pays off both visually and dramatically. Just about every scene ends with a striking visual (which I would rather not divulge).

Ze Vimin

Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet

The women in the older productions? Lots of passive bourrée-ing around and turned-in passés for the good women as they express. Wispy arms alternate with developés front/side/back and that’s about it.  The bad women do splits and wiggle their shoulders while leaning back on their knees in that decadent gypsy dance manner. Duh.

In Bobrov’s choreography the female domestic slaves are kittenish and assertive in a manner straight out of Puss n’Boots. They have swing. But most of all, Bobrov finally gets at least half of the females out of the bedroom by introducing a most refreshing and welcome plot twist that is anchored in historical record.  Did you know that the Ancients do mention that the powerful and dexterous cohort of gladiators included enslaved women? Therefore, here Spartacus is conjoined to an equal with a mind of her own, a fighter, rather than to a weeping willow. As Achillea, the valiant Natalia Bobrova shape shifts from strong as a rock to pliant as a vine in a split second. Always on the alert for the next challenge, she seems to not even sweat. I rooted more for her than for Spartacus, even. Her sword drawn once again, Achillea will even face off with Crassus himself and die like a man.  

The several pas de deux for Crassus and his Persian concubine Roxana (the regal, alternately flirtatious and ferocious, Roberta Pereira) contrasted vividly with those of Achillea and Spartacus both in intent and in feeling: sharper, swifter, knottier. Roxana wrapped herself around the general like a…pretzel?…a boa constrictor? Their specific vocabulary included upside-down splitting that a brave and virtuous gladiatrix like Bobrova’s Achillea would find beneath contempt.

All the women in this Varna production bristled with confidence and determination. When Natalia Bobrova whipped out fouettés with both angry conviction and a sword in each hand during Act Two, the audience whooped at yet another demonstration of dancing machisma. [Amusingly, spell-check keeps insisting I revert to the masculine version of this word].

Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet

Gaydar

We know the Romans where quite open to sexual adventure, especially when it came to the exploration of tasty younger males. More than that, the philosophers often spoke of true transformative love only taking place between men rather than between men and women.

Whether it’s in a ballet, movie, or comic book, the sight of buff sweaty bare-chested guys decked out in leather should set off at least some bells, don’t you think? No prior choreographer of Spartacus ever dared to address the obvious. I should add that this was not only due to Communist prudes: in Hollywood’s 1960 blockbuster, the scene where Crassus salaciously propositioned his male slave with the come-on “my taste includes both snails and oysters” swiftly landed on the cutting room floor.

Bobrov is the first ever to grab the bull by its horns, so to speak. He has added a fifth lead, and a clearly loud and proud one at that. Far from being a camp distraction, Azar the Persian Slave adds a most welcome dynamic to this tale of love and loss.

This role is clearly custom-made for the unique talents of the witty and double-jointed Vittorio Scole. His splits and hip swivels and 2 p.m. (aka way beyond 12 o’clock) extensions, plus his knowing sass, will be hard for someone else to replicate one day. His, um, “I’ll just use my own pole to amuse myself, thank you” solo, which made for a gleeful moment of respite from all the drama, was delightful.

Inserting an ambitious and endearingly flawed queen into the relationship between Crassus and that scheming dominatrix Roxana would serve, most of all, to further humanize the general. He’s clearly more at ease with Miss Thing than with the Agrippina wannabe. Crassus’s full-bodied reaction to Azar’s violent demise reinforced the ballet’s premise that no guy is ever a totally bad person. Life is not lived in black and white. It’s full of grey zones and blood-soaked reds.

Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet

A ballet for our time?

Whether they speak truth to power or bend to power, works of art are always rooted a time and a place. The concluding scenes of all the theatrical incarnations of Spartacus demonstrate this. The last scenes of the Kirk Douglas Spartacus film, for example, paid wildly obvious homage to the solidarity of those who had refused to “name names” during the American Red Scare.

Grigorovich and Seregi (as I imagine Jacobson and Moiseyev, too) knew they had to provide uplifting finales. The people might lose this war, but the moral high ground soldiers on.

Bobrov’s finale? Nobody wins in the slightest. A mournful, abstract, and anti-heroic tableau turns out to have been inspired by the origin story of a flower we don’t even think about twice. Two gladiators (one probably Spartacus himself) had refused to fight to the death. They had instead thrust their swords into the ground, knowing that neither of them would be spared. In their place, the…gladiola sprouted. Did you know that this flower represents comradeship, solidarity, non-violence?

Women without men, sheathed in long black chiffon [thank goodness sparingly used in this production], pensively – at one point even angrily – dance with swords sheathed in that flower. When crossed mid-air, these instruments of death even form butterfly shapes, as if they want to fly away. But then they were pointed at us and loudly stabbed down into the floor of the stage. To hell with this never-ending violence!

Bobrov’s epic, slated to tour European venues next season, proves more than relevant given that great powers still feel they are entitled to abuse entire populations they deem inferior to them.

Therefore, it was most fitting to premiere this ballet in Spartacus’s homeland on the Black Sea, formerly known as Thrace, now called Bulgaria. As I wandered out to the beach the next morning, still mulling over the performance, I could not believe that I was only a stone’s throw away from more of mens’ pointless carnage.

Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet

********************

*****************************

Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet
Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet
Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet
Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet
Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet
Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet
Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet
Spartacus (Sergei Bobrov). Photography courtesy of Varna International Ballet

Poster un commentaire

Classé dans Blog-trotters (Ailleurs), Hier pour aujourd'hui

Ballet de l’Opéra national Varna : A la recherche du Lac perdu de Tchaïkovski

52970032563_422984147a_c

Le Lac des cygnes, Chorégraphie Sergey Bobrov d’après Petipa-Ivanov. Acte 1, scène 1. Photographie Courtesy of Opera National Varna

Un énième Lac des cygnes ?

Ce qui nous a attiré à la Seine musicale, une salle de spectacle bien peu faite pour la danse, est que le chorégraphe principal du Ballet de l’Opéra de Varna (une authentique compagnie, fondée en 1947 mais dont le groupe de tournée est marqué par la diversité des nationalités : des Italiens, des Espagnols et même des Français), Sergeï Bobrov, proposait une version ambitieuse du grand classique de Tchaïkovski. Il se proposait en effet de revenir, autant que faire se peut, à la version écrite par Piotr Ilitch Tchaïkovski en 1877.

La création de ce tout premier ballet du compositeur avait en effet été assez chaotique et, sans être l’absolu four que certaines histoires du ballet ont bien voulu décrire, peu satisfaisante pour le musicien dont les vrais débuts de compositeur de ballet durent attendre 1890 avec La Belle au bois dormant dans une collaboration étroite avec Marius Petipa. Le Lac que nous connaissons aujourd’hui dans la version Ivanov-Petipa a été composé après la mort prématurée de Tchaïkovski au prix d’un massacre en règle de la partition d’origine perpétré par Ricardo Drigo. Un tiers des pages a été coupé et des ajouts musicaux regrettables sont venus déparer le dessein original du distingué symphoniste.

Avec son Lac, monsieur Bobrov s’imposait en somme de résoudre la quadrature du cercle. Revenir au Lac de Tchaïkovski tout en gardant la chorégraphie de Petipa-Ivanov et non en reconstituant l’original perdu de Julius Reisinger.

L’ensemble de la production, très colorée pour les actes de palais et très épurée pour les actes blancs, a l’avantage de ne pas trop dépayser par rapport aux versions traditionnelles. La grande valse de l’acte 1 a du charme. Les danses de caractère de l’acte 3 sont dansées avec conviction et le bon poids au sol.

Des cyclos rétroéclairés constituant les décors de fond de scène, très pratiques pour voyager mais parfois un peu pâlots sous les éclairages frontaux permettent cependant des effets visuels intéressants. À l’acte 2 par exemple, une théorie de cygnes animés descendant en lacets du ciel vers le lac est prolongée par les danseuses dans la célèbre entrée des cygnes d’Ivanov.

52969951110_557209dbb7_c

Le Lac des cygnes. Chorégraphie Sergey Bobrov d’après Petipa-Ivanov. Acte 1, scène 2. Photographie Courtesy of Opera National Varna

Durant l’ouverture du ballet, ce procédé permet même de remonter à l’histoire originale mise en musique par Tchaïkovski, sensiblement différente du livret réécrit par son frère Modeste pour la recréation de 1895. À l’origine, la transformation d’Odette n’était pas un mauvais sort mais une protection opérée par le grand père magicien car la princesse était poursuivie par la haine d’une cruelle enchanteresse. La couronne d’Odette la protégeait de cette dernière et elle devait la déposer aux pieds du prince qui lui jurerait un amour éternel. Sur le cyclo, tous ces éléments sont abordés. Il est regrettable que, par la suite, cet embryon d’histoire originale ne soit pas plus clairement développé. On comprend que la mère du prince, qui porte une coiffe d’oiseau, n’est pas bienveillante mais elle n’apparaît pas vraiment durant l’acte des cygnes et c’est le magicien Rothbart (un gobelin dans le livret original) qui reste le principal protagoniste maléfique du ballet comme dans la version traditionnelle de 1895.

Mais l’objectif principal de Sergeï Bobrov était de restaurer, plutôt que l’histoire originale, l’ordre des numéros écrits par Tchaïkovski ainsi que d’expurger les passages interpolés de la version 1895. Exit donc, et c’est tant mieux, la valse bluette et le rêve de Chopin orchestrés par Drigo à l’acte 4. À l’acte 2 (la scène 2 de l’acte 1 dans le ballet de 1877), le grand adage s’enchaîne avec l’allegro en général coupé ou alors dévolu au prince comme numéro séparé dans la version Noureev.

Mais c’est l’acte 3 qui est révisé de fond en comble. Bobrov rétablit la scène d’entrée des Invités entrecoupée d’annonces de hérauts qui a été condensée dans les versions ultérieures en une seule grande valse pour la « danse des fiancées ». Ici, chacune des épouses putatives est donc annoncée et peut faire son brin de causette dansée avec le prince. Surtout, le chorégraphe réintroduit le pas de six habituellement éludé, celui-là même qui a servi de banque mélodique à d’autres chorégraphes. Bourmeister en a extrait la variation d’Odile ainsi que la coda aux trente-deux fouettés. Noureev en avait repris l’essentiel à l’acte 1 de son Lac viennois de 1964 et a utilisé l’adage pour les adieux de Siegfried et Odette à l’acte 4.

Cette philologie musicale se fait un peu, il faut l’avouer, au détriment de la tension dramatique. Le pas de six a tendance à rallonger un acte déjà truffé de numéros de caractère. Ceci se double d’une option dramatique discutable.

Après la danse des différentes fiancées, une mystérieuse invitée masquée fait son apparition et interprète la danse russe peu souvent intégrée au ballet. Siegfried danse ensuite un adage avec elle avant de lui offrir une bague et de disparaître en coulisses. Mais la mystérieuse inconnue, qu’on ne reverra pas par la suite, n’est pas Chinara Alizade, l’Odette de l’acte 2. C’est la très jolie et élégante Natalia Bobrova. Le prince revient cependant avec mademoiselle Alizade pour un Pas de deux du cygne noir qui juxtapose l’intrada traditionnelle (sur le pas de deux originalement conçu pour le premier acte) et les variations et coda des pages créées après coup par Tchaïkovski pour la danseuse Anna Sobreshanskaya (connues aujourd’hui par le Tchaïkovski pas de deux de Balanchine).

Ce pas de deux permet à Chinara Alizade, un cygne blanc à la ligne noble mais un peu à la peine dans sa variation aux ronds de jambe développés, de montrer son autorité en magicienne sûre de son charme.

52970032463_323ef9f553_c

Le Lac des cygnes. Vittorio Scole (Benno), Photographie Courtesy of Opera National Varna

Cela donne enfin l’occasion à István Simon, le prince Siegfried, de réellement prendre la commande du plateau. Car comme dans le lac de 1895, le prince doit partager la vedette avec son écuyer Benno (ici l’Italien Vittorio Scole, longiligne et hyperlaxe, une silhouette très à la mode aujourd’hui, qui lui permet de faire des grands jetés à 180° mais pas toujours de garder sa jambe en dehors pendant les tours à la seconde). Si à l’acte 2 l’écuyer ne danse pas avec la princesse cygne à la place du prince comme c’était le cas à l’origine dans la version d’Ivanov-Petipa, le danseur soliste en second, déjà au centre du pas de trois de l’acte 1, se voit attribuer de brillants passages dansés durant le pas de 6 de l’acte 3 au risque de voler un peu la vedette à István Simon qui a un style, une silhouette et une puissance de héros soviétique. Ces deux écoles contrastées ne s’apportent rien l’une à l’autre. Cela enferme même un peu le Siegfried de monsieur Simon dans le rôle qu’avait Pavel Guerdt, le créateur à cinquante ans passés de Siegfried dans la version 1895.

L’acte 4 a en revanche une belle puissance dramatique. Il commence avec les cygnes noirs qui étaient apparus une première fois dans un passage « métaphorique » de l’acte 3 pour montrer la confusion du prince au moment de l’arrivée de la belle inconnue masquée. István-Siegfried (qui n’arrache pas la couronne de sa belle comme dans la version 1877) sait rendre son repentir touchant et donne à son combat victorieux contre Rothbart (le très jeune et aérien Pierre Gaston) des accents héroïques. Au moment du pardon, les cygnes noirs cèdent la place aux cygnes, une image simple mais efficace.

Voilà somme toute un spectacle qui en dépit des réserves énoncées plus haut emporte l’adhésion. On espère qu’une prochaine fois, la venue de la compagnie de l’Opéra National Varna sera moins courte et annoncée de manière plus visible.

52979396427_f8db2046aa_c

Chinara Alizade (Odette) et Istvan Simon (Siegfried). Photographie Courtesy of Opera National Varna.

Commentaires fermés sur Ballet de l’Opéra national Varna : A la recherche du Lac perdu de Tchaïkovski

Classé dans Blog-trotters (Ailleurs), Ici Paris